Data Sheet
AD7091
TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Figure 19 shows a typical connection diagram for the AD7091.
A positive power supply in the range of 2.09 V to 5.25 V should
be connected to the VDD pin. The reference is derived internally
from VDD and, for this reason, VDD should be well decoupled to
achieve the specified performance; typical values for the decoupling
capacitors are 100 nF and 10 μF. The analog input range is 0 V
to VDD. The typical value for the regulator bypass decoupling
capacitor (REGCAP) is 1 μF. The conversion result is output in
a 12-bit word with the MSB first.
Alternatively, because the supply current required by the AD7091
is so low, a precision reference can be used as the supply source
to the part. A reference from the REF19x or ADR34xx voltage
reference family (REF195 or ADR3450 for 5 V, and REF193 or
ADR3430 for 3 V) can be used to supply the required voltage
to the ADC. This configuration is especially useful if the power
supply is quite noisy, or if the system supply voltages are at some
value other than 5 V or 3 V, such as 15 V.
If the busy indicator function is required, connect a pull-up
resistor of typically 100 kΩ to VDD to the SDO pin (see Figure 19).
In addition, for applications in which power consumption is
a concern, the power-down mode can be used to improve the
power performance of the ADC (see the Modes of Operation
section for more information).
ANALOG INPUT
Figure 18 shows an equivalent circuit of the AD7091 analog
input structure. The D1 and D2 diodes provide ESD protection
for the analog input. To prevent the diodes from becoming
forward-biased and conducting current, ensure that the analog
input signal never exceeds VDD by more than 300 mV. These diodes
can conduct a maximum of 10 mA without causing irreversible
damage to the part.
VDD
D1
VIN
C1
1pF
D2
C3
2.5pF
C2
R1 3.6pF
NOTES
1. DURING THE CONVERSION PHASE, THE SWITCH IS OPEN.
DURING THE TRACK PHASE, THE SWITCH IS CLOSED.
Figure 18. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit
Capacitor C1 in Figure 18 is typically about 1 pF and can
primarily be attributed to pin capacitance. Resistor R1 is a
lumped component made up of the on resistance of a switch.
This resistor is typically about 500 Ω. Capacitor C2 is the ADC
sampling capacitor and typically has a capacitance of 3.6 pF.
In applications where harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) are critical, the analog input should be driven from
a low impedance source. Large source impedances significantly
affect the ac performance of the ADC and may necessitate the
use of an input buffer amplifier, as shown in Figure 19. The choice
of the op amp is a function of the particular application.
When no amplifier is used to drive the analog input, the source
impedance should be limited to low values. The maximum source
impedance depends on the amount of total harmonic distortion
(THD) that can be tolerated. The THD increases as the source
impedance increases and performance degrades. Figure 9 shows
a graph of THD vs. source impedance when using a supply
voltage of 3 V and a sampling rate of 1 MSPS.
To achieve the specified performance, use an external filter—such
as the one-pole, low-pass RC filter shown in Figure 19—on the
analog input connected to the AD7091.
VDD
(2.09V to 5.25V)
10μF
100nF
1μF
WITH BUSY
INDICATOR
VDD
100kΩ
ANALOG
INPUT
51Ω
VIN
4.7nF
VDD
REGCAP
AD7091
GND
SDO
SCLK
CS
CONVST
MICROPROCESSOR/
MICROCONTROLLER/
DSP
Figure 19. Typical Connection Diagram
Rev. A | Page 11 of 20