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AD8601ART-R2
(Rev.:RevD)

Precision CMOS Single-Supply Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Wideband Operational Amplifiers

Analog Devices 

AD8601/AD8602/AD8604

Input Overvoltage Protection

As with any semiconductor device, if a condition could exist

that would cause the input voltage to exceed the power supply,

the device’s input overvoltage characteristic must be considered.

Excess input voltage will energize internal PN junctions in the

AD860x, allowing current to flow from the input to the supplies.

This input current will not damage the amplifier, provided it is

limited to 5 mA or less. This can be ensured by placing a resis-

tor in series with the input. For example, if the input voltage

could exceed the supply by 5 V, the series resistor should be at

least (5 V/5 mA) = 1 kΩ. With the input voltage within the

supply rails, a minimal amount of current is drawn into the

inputs, which, in turn, causes a negligible voltage drop across

the series resistor. Therefore, adding the series resistor will

not adversely affect circuit performance.

Overdrive Recovery

Overdrive recovery is defined as the time it takes the output of

an amplifier to come off the supply rail when recovering from

an overload signal. This is tested by placing the amplifier in a

closed-loop gain of 10 with an input square wave of 2 V p-p while

the amplifier is powered from either 5 V or 3 V.

The AD860x has excellent recovery time from overload condi-

tions. The output recovers from the positive supply rail within

200 ns at all supply voltages. Recovery from the negative rail is

within 500 ns at 5 V supply, decreasing to within 350 ns when

the device is powered from 2.7 V.

Power-On Time

Power-on time is important in portable applications, where the

supply voltage to the amplifier may be toggled to shut down the

device to improve battery life. Fast power-up behavior ensures

that the output of the amplifier will quickly settle to its final

voltage, improving the power-up speed of the entire system.

Once the supply voltage reaches a minimum of 2.5 V, the AD860x

will settle to a valid output within 1 µs. This turn-on response

time is faster than many other precision amplifiers, which can

take tens or hundreds of microseconds for their outputs to settle.

Using the AD8602 in High Source Impedance Applications

The CMOS rail-to-rail input structure of the AD860x allows

these amplifiers to have very low input bias currents, typically

0.2 pA. This allows the AD860x to be used in any application

that has a high source impedance or must use large value resis-

tances around the amplifier. For example, the photodiode

amplifier circuit shown in Figure 3 requires a low input bias

current op amp to reduce output voltage error. The AD8601

minimizes offset errors due to its low input bias current and low

offset voltage.

The current through the photodiode is proportional to the inci-

dent light power on its surface. The 4.7 MΩ resistor converts

this current into a voltage, with the output of the AD8601

increasing at 4.7 V/µA. The feedback capacitor reduces excess

noise at higher frequencies by limiting the bandwidth of the

circuit to

BW

=

1

2π(4.7 MΩ)CF

(1)

Using a 10 pF feedback capacitor limits the bandwidth to approxi-

mately 3.3 kHz.

10pF

(OPTIONAL)

4.7M⍀

D1

VOUT

4.7V/␮A

AD8601

Figure 3. Amplifier Photodiode Circuit

High- and Low-Side Precision Current Monitoring

Because of its low input bias current and low offset voltage, the

AD860x can be used for precision current monitoring. The true

rail-to-rail input feature of the AD860x allows the amplifier to

monitor current on either high-side or low-side. Using both

amplifiers in an AD8602 provides a simple method for monitoring

both current supply and return paths for load or fault detec-

tion. Figures 4 and 5 demonstrate both circuits.

3V

R2

2.49k⍀

MONITOR

OUTPUT

Q1

2N3904

3V

R1

100⍀

RSENSE

0.1⍀

1/2 AD8602

RETURN TO

GROUND

Figure 4. A Low-Side Current Monitor

RSENSE

0.1⍀

3V

IL

V+

3V

R1

100⍀

1/2

AD8602

Q1

2N3905

MONITOR

OUTPUT

R2

2.49k⍀

Figure 5. A High-Side Current Monitor

Voltage drop is created across the 0.1 Ω resistor that is propor-

tional to the load current. This voltage appears at the inverting

input of the amplifier due to the feedback correction around the

op amp. This creates a current through R1 which, in turn, pulls

current through R2. For the low-side monitor, the monitor

output voltage is given by

Monitor

Output

=

3V

–



R2



×





RSENSE

R1





×



IL 



(2)

–14–

REV. D

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