Data Sheet
TERMINOLOGY
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)
INL is the maximum deviation from a straight line passing
through the endpoints of the ADC transfer function. For the
AD7091R, the endpoints of the transfer function are zero scale
(a point 0.5 LSB below the first code transition) and full scale (a
point 0.5 LSB above the last code transition).
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
DNL is the difference between the measured and the ideal
1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes in the ADC.
Offset Error
Offset error is the deviation of the first code transition (00 ...
000) to (00 ... 001) from the ideal (such as GND + 0.5 LSB).
Gain Error
Gain error is the deviation of the last code transition (111 ... 110)
to (111 ... 111) from the ideal (such as VREF − 1.5 LSB) after the
offset error has been adjusted out.
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time
The track-and-hold amplifier returns to track mode after the
end of a conversion. The track-and-hold acquisition time is the
time required for the output of the track-and-hold amplifier to
reach its final value, within ±0.5 LSB, after a conversion (see the
Serial Interface section for more details).
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
SNR is the measured ratio of signal to noise at the output of the
ADC. The signal is the rms amplitude of the fundamental. Noise
is the sum of all nonfundamental signals up to half the sampling
frequency (fSAMPLE/2), excluding dc.
The ratio is dependent on the number of quantization levels in the
digitization process: the more levels, the smaller the quantization
noise. The theoretical signal-to-noise ratio for an ideal N-bit
converter with a sine wave input is given by
Signal-to-Noise Ratio = (6.02N + 1.76) dB
Therefore, for a 12-bit converter, the SNR is 74 dB.
Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion Ratio (SINAD)
SINAD is the measured ratio of signal to noise and distortion at
the output of the ADC. The signal is the rms value of the sine
wave, and noise is the rms sum of all nonfundamental signals
up to half the sampling frequency (fSAMPLE/2), including
harmonics, but excluding dc.
AD7091R
Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)
TUE is a comprehensive specification that includes the gain,
linearity, and offset errors.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
THD is the ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to the fundamental.
For the AD7091R, THD is defined as
THD (dB) = 20 log V22 + V32 + V42 + V52 + V62
V1
where:
V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental.
V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 are the rms amplitudes of the second
through the sixth harmonics.
Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)
SFDR, also known as peak harmonic or spurious noise, is defined
as the ratio of the rms value of the next largest component in the
ADC output spectrum (up to fSAMPLE/2 and excluding dc) to the
rms value of the fundamental. Usually, the value of this specifi-
cation is determined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum,
but for ADCs where the harmonics are buried in the noise floor,
the largest harmonic would be a noise peak.
Aperture Delay
Aperture delay is the measured interval between the leading
edge of the sampling clock and the point at which the ADC
samples data.
Aperture Jitter
Aperture jitter is the sample-to-sample variation in the effective
point in time at which the data is sampled.
Full Power Bandwidth
Full power bandwidth is the input frequency at which the
amplitude of the reconstructed fundamental is reduced by
0.1 dB or 3 dB for a full-scale input.
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